Ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya amasimi amaninzi.

Isoda yeCaustic inokohlulwa ibe yiflake soda, isoda yegranular kunye nesoda eqinileyo ngokwendlela yayo.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya iindawo ezininzi, oku kulandelayo sisingeniso esineenkcukacha kuwe:

1. Ipetroleum esulungekileyo.

Emva kokuhlanjwa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric, iimveliso zepetroleum zisaqulathe izinto ezine-acidic, ekufuneka zihlanjwe ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide kwaye zihlanjwe ngamanzi ukufumana iimveliso ezisulungekileyo.

2.ukuprinta kunye nokudaya

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiidayi ze-indigo kunye ne-quinone dyes.Kwinkqubo yokudaya idayi ye-vat, isisombululo se-caustic soda kunye ne-sodium hydrosulfite kufuneka isetyenziswe ukunciphisa i-leuco acid, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwi-oxidized kwi-original i-insoluble state kunye ne-oxidants emva kokudaya.

Emva kokuba ilaphu lomqhaphu liphathwe ngesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic, i-wax, igrisi, isitashi kunye nezinye izinto ezigqunywe kwilaphu lomqhaphu zinokususwa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, i-mercerized luster yelaphu inokunyuswa ukwenza ukudaya kufane ngakumbi. .

3. Ifayibha yeTela

1).Ingubo

Iindwangu zekotoni kunye nelinen ziphathwa nge-concentrated sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) isisombululo sokuphucula iimpawu zefiber.Iintsinga ezenziwe ngumntu ezifana ne-rayon, i-rayon, i-rayon, njl., ubukhulu becala yimicu ye-viscose.Zenziwe nge-cellulose (efana ne-pulp), i-sodium hydroxide, kunye ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto eziluhlaza zokwenza ulwelo lwe-viscose, olutshizwayo, olwenziwe yi-condensation.

2).Ifayibha yeViscose

Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-18-20% yesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic ukumitha i-cellulose ukuyenza ibe yi-alkali cellulose, emva koko yome kwaye utyumze i-alkali cellulose, yongeza i-carbon disulfide, kwaye ekugqibeleni unyibilikise i-sulfonate nge-lye edibeneyo ukuze ufumane i-viscose.Emva kokucoca kunye nokucoca (ukususa amaqamza omoya), ingasetyenziselwa ukujikeleza.

4. Ukwenza amaphepha

Izinto eziluhlaza zokwenza iphepha zizityalo zokhuni okanye zengca, eziqulethe inani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njl.) Ukongeza kwi-cellulose.I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa i-delignification, kwaye kuphela xa i-lignin emthini isusiwe inokufumaneka imicu.Amacandelo angenayo i-cellulose angachithwa kwaye ahlulwe ngokudibanisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide dilute, ukwenzela ukuba i-pulp ene-cellulose njengenxalenye ephambili inokufumaneka.

5. Phucula umhlaba ngekalika.

Kwimihlaba, imozulu yeeminerali isenokuvelisa iiasidi ngenxa yokwakheka kweeasidi eziphilayo njengoko izinto eziphilayo zibola.Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-inorganic ezifana ne-ammonium sulfate kunye ne-ammonium chloride kuya kwenza umhlaba ube ne-asidi.Ukugalela umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wekalika kungenza ukuba izinto ezineasidi zingasebenzi emhlabeni, nto leyo eyenza umhlaba ulungele ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye kukhuthaze ukuzala kwe microorganisms.Ukunyuka kweCa2+ emhlabeni kunokukhuthaza ukujiya kwecolloids zomhlaba, nto leyo enceda ukwakheka kweeaggregates, kwaye kwangaxeshanye inokubonelela ngekhalsiyam efunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo.

6. Ishishini lemichiza kunye neerejenti zeekhemikhali.

Kwishishini lemichiza, i-caustic soda isetyenziselwa ukwenza isinyithi sesodium kunye namanzi e-electrolyzing.Isoda ye-Caustic okanye i-soda ash isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweetyuwa ezininzi ze-inorganic, ngakumbi ekulungiseleleni ezinye iityuwa zesodium (ezifana ne-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njl.).I-Caustic soda okanye i-soda ash iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yedayi, iziyobisi kunye ne-organic intermediates.

7. irabha, isikhumba

1).I-silica enqabileyo

Okokuqala: yenza iglasi yamanzi (Na2O.mSO2) ngokusabela i-sodium hydroxide nge-quartz ore (SiO2)

Okwesibini: ukuphendula iglasi yamanzi kunye ne-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kunye ne-carbon dioxide ukuvelisa i-carbon dioxide emnyama (i-silicon dioxide)

I-silica ekhankanywe apha yeyona arhente yokuqinisa irabha yendalo kunye nerabha yokwenziwa

2).Ukurisayikilishwa kwerabha endala

Xa kuphinda kusetyenziswe irabha endala, umgubo werabha ulungiswa ngesisombululo sesodium hydroxide, emva koko ilungiswe.

3).Isikhumba

I-Tannery: inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kulwelo lwenkunkuma ye-tannery, kwelinye icala, phakathi kwamanyathelo amabini e-sodium sulfide emanzi kwisisombululo sokufunxa unyango kunye nokongeza unyango lwe-lime powder lokufunxa kwinkqubo ekhoyo yokwandisa, ukusetyenziswa kobunzima be-tare kwanda ngo-0.3-0.5 % Isinyathelo sonyango se-sodium hydroxide ye-30% yenza ukuba i-fiber yesikhumba ikhule ngokupheleleyo, ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye iphucula umgangatho wemveliso ye-semi-finished.

8. isinyithi, i-electroplating

Kwishishini le-metallurgical, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-ore kwi-soluble salts ye-sodium ukuze kususwe ukungcola okungaxutywanga.Ngoko ke, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukongeza i-soda ash (kwakhona i-flux), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-caustic soda isetyenziswa.

9.eminye imiba yendima

1).Kukho imisebenzi emibini ye-ceramic caustic soda ekwenzeni i-ceramics.Okokuqala, i-caustic soda isetyenziswa njenge-diluent kwinkqubo yokutshisa i-ceramics.Okwesibini, umphezulu weekeramics ezitshisiweyo ziya kukhatywa okanye zibi kakhulu.Coca ngesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic Ekugqibeleni, yenza i-ceramic surface ibe lula ngakumbi.

2).Kwishishini lesixhobo, lisetyenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, i-decolorizer kunye ne-deodorizer.Ishishini lokuncamathelisa lisetyenziswa njenge-starch gelatinizer kunye ne-neutralizer.Ingasetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuxobula, i-ejenti ye-decolorizing kunye ne-deodorizing agent ye-citrus, i-peach, njl.