Ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya iinkalo ezininzi.

I-caustic soda ingahlulwa ibe yi-flake soda, i-granular soda kunye ne-solid soda ngokwemo yayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya iinkalo ezininzi, oku kulandelayo kukwazisa ngeenkcukacha:

1. Ipetroliyam ecociweyo.

Emva kokuba zihlanjwe nge-sulfuric acid, iimveliso zepetroleum zisenazo ezinye izinto ezine-asidi, ekufuneka zihlanjwe ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide zize zihlanjwe ngamanzi ukuze kufunyanwe iimveliso ezicociweyo.

2.ukuprinta kunye nokudaya

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiidayi ze-indigo kunye needayi ze-quinone. Kwinkqubo yokudaya iidayi ze-vat, isisombululo se-caustic soda kunye ne-sodium hydrosulfite kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuze zinciphise zibe yi-leuco acid, emva koko zifakwe kwi-oxidized ukuya kwimeko yokuqala yokunganyibiliki kunye nee-oxidants emva kokudaya.

Emva kokuba ilaphu lekotoni liphathwe ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, i-wax, i-grease, i-starch kunye nezinye izinto ezigqunywe kwilaphu lekotoni zingasuswa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukukhazimla kwelaphu kunokwandiswa ukuze kwenziwe ukudaywa kufane ngakumbi.

3. Ifayibha yelaphu

1). I-Textile

Amalaphu ekotoni kunye nelinen aphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) esiqinileyo ukuphucula iipropati zefayibha. Iifayibha ezenziwe ngabantu ezifana ne-rayon, i-rayon, i-rayon, njl.njl., ikakhulu ziifayibha ze-viscose. Zenziwe nge-cellulose (njenge-pulp), i-sodium hydroxide, kunye ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto zokwenza ulwelo lwe-viscose, olutshizwayo, olwenziwe ngokufuthwa.

2). Ifayibha yeViscose

Okokuqala, sebenzisa isisombululo se-caustic soda esiyi-18-20% ukufunxa i-cellulose ukuze ibe yi-alkali cellulose, uze uyomise uze uyityumze i-alkali cellulose, wongeze i-carbon disulfide, uze ekugqibeleni uyinyibilikise i-sulfonate nge-dilute lye ukuze ufumane i-viscose. Emva kokucoca nokufunxa (ukususa amaqamza omoya), ingasetyenziselwa ukujikeleza.

4. Ukwenza iphepha

Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha ziimithi okanye izityalo zengca, eziqulethe isixa esikhulu se-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njl.njl.) ukongeza kwi-cellulose. I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukwahlulahlula, kwaye kuphela xa i-lignin esemthini isusiwe apho imicu ifumaneka khona. Izinto ezingezizo ze-cellulose zinokunyibilikiswa kwaye zahlulwe ngokongeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esinyibilikisiweyo, ukuze kufumaneke i-pulp ene-cellulose njengeyona nto iphambili.

5. Phucula umhlaba ngelayimu.

Kwimihlaba, ukuguguleka kweeminerali kunokuvelisa iiasidi ngenxa yokwenziwa kweeasidi ze-organic njengoko izinto eziphilayo zibola. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ezingezizo ze-organic ezifana ne-ammonium sulfate kunye ne-ammonium chloride kuya kwenza umhlaba ube neasidi. Ukusebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo selayimu kunokunciphisa izinto ezineasidi emhlabeni, kwenze umhlaba ufaneleke ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye kukhuthaze ukuzala kwee-microorganisms. Ukwanda kwe-Ca2+ emhlabeni kunokukhuthaza ukujiya kwee-colloids zomhlaba, nto leyo enceda ekwakhiweni kwee-aggregates, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunokubonelela nge-calcium efunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo.

6. Ishishini leekhemikhali kunye nee-reagents zeekhemikhali.

Kwishishini leekhemikhali, i-caustic soda isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-sodium metal kunye namanzi asebenzisa i-electrolyzing. I-caustic soda okanye i-soda ash isetyenziswa ekuveliseni iityuwa ezininzi ezingaphiliyo, ingakumbi ekulungiseleleni ezinye iityuwa ze-sodium (ezifana ne-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njl.njl.). I-caustic soda okanye i-soda ash ikwasetyenziswa ekuhlanganiseni iidayi, amayeza kunye nezinto eziphilayo.

7. irabha, ulusu

1). I-silica evuthulukileyo

Okokuqala: yenza iglasi yamanzi (Na2O.mSO2) ngokuphendula i-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-quartz ore (SiO2)

Okwesibini: iglasi yamanzi ephendulayo kunye ne-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kunye ne-carbon dioxide ukuvelisa i-carbon black emhlophe ephumayo (i-silicon dioxide)

I-silica ekhankanyiweyo apha yeyona nto ingcono yokuqinisa irabha yendalo kunye nerabha yokwenziwa

2). Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe irabha endala

Xa kusetyenziswa kwakhona irabha endala, umgubo werabha unyangwa kwangaphambili ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide, uze emva koko ucutshungulwe.

3). Isikhumba

Ukuthunga: inkqubo yokuphinda usebenzise ulwelo lothuli olusebenzisa inkunkuma yesikhumba, kwelinye icala, phakathi kwamanyathelo amabini onyango lokufunxa isisombululo samanzi se-sodium sulfide kunye nokongeza unyango lokufunxa umgubo welayimu kwinkqubo yokwandisa ekhoyo, ukusetyenziswa kobunzima be-tare kunyuswa nge-0.3-0.5% Inyathelo lonyango lwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide se-30% lenza i-fayibha yesikhumba yande ngokupheleleyo, ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye iphucula umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo.

8. isinyithi, i-electroplating

Kwishishini lesinyithi, kudla ngokufuneka ukuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-ore zibe ziityuwa zesodium ezinyibilikayo ukuze kususwe ukungcola okunganyibilikiyo. Ke ngoko, kudla ngokufuneka ukongeza i-soda ash (ikwayi-flux), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-caustic soda nayo iyasetyenziswa.

9. Ezinye iinkalo zendima

1). Kukho imisebenzi emibini ye-ceramic caustic soda ekwenzeni ii-ceramics. Okokuqala, i-caustic soda isetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi kwinkqubo yokutshisa ii-ceramics. Okwesibini, umphezulu wee-ceramics ezitshayo uya kukrweleka okanye ube rhabaxa kakhulu. Yicoce ngesisombululo se-caustic soda Okokugqibela, yenza umphezulu we-ceramic ube mpuluswa ngakumbi.

2). Kwishishini lezixhobo, isetyenziswa njenge-asidi neutralizer, decolorizer kunye ne-deodorizer. Ishishini lokuncamathelisa lisetyenziswa njenge-starch gelatizer kunye ne-neutralizer. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuxobula, i-ejenti yokususa umbala kunye ne-ejenti yokususa ivumba le-citrus, i-peach, njl.njl.