Ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya amasimi amaninzi.

Isoda yeCaustic inokohlulwa ibe yiflake soda, isoda yegranular kunye nesoda eqinileyo ngokwendlela yayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda kubandakanya iindawo ezininzi, oku kulandelayo sisingeniso esineenkcukacha kuwe:

1. Ipetroleum esulungekileyo.

Emva kokuhlanjwa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric, iimveliso zepetroleum zisaqulathe izinto ezine-acidic, ekufuneka zihlanjwe ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide kwaye zihlanjwe ngamanzi ukufumana iimveliso ezisulungekileyo.

2.ukuprinta kunye nokudaya

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiidayi ze-indigo kunye ne-quinone dyes. Kwinkqubo yokudaya idayi ye-vat, isisombululo se-caustic soda kunye ne-sodium hydrosulfite kufuneka isetyenziswe ukunciphisa i-leuco acid, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwi-oxidized kwi-original i-insoluble state kunye ne-oxidants emva kokudaya.

Emva kokuba ilaphu lomqhaphu liphathwe ngesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic, i-wax, igrisi, isitashi kunye nezinye izinto ezigqunywe kwilaphu lomqhaphu zinokususwa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, i-mercerized luster yelaphu inokunyuswa ukwenza ukudaya kufane ngakumbi. .

3. Ifayibha yeTela

1).Ingubo

Iindwangu zekotoni kunye nelinen ziphathwa nge-concentrated sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) isisombululo sokuphucula iimpawu zefiber. Iintsinga ezenziwe ngumntu ezifana ne-rayon, i-rayon, i-rayon, njl., ubukhulu becala yimicu ye-viscose. Zenziwe nge-cellulose (efana ne-pulp), i-sodium hydroxide, kunye ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto eziluhlaza zokwenza ulwelo lwe-viscose, olutshizwayo, olwenziwe yi-condensation.

2). Ifayibha yeViscose

Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-18-20% yesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic ukumitha i-cellulose ukuyenza ibe yi-alkali cellulose, emva koko yome kwaye utyumze i-alkali cellulose, yongeza i-carbon disulfide, kwaye ekugqibeleni unyibilikise i-sulfonate nge-lye edibeneyo ukuze ufumane i-viscose. Emva kokucoca kunye nokucoca (ukususa amaqamza omoya), ingasetyenziselwa ukujikeleza.

4. Ukwenza amaphepha

Izinto eziluhlaza zokwenza iphepha zizityalo zokhuni okanye zengca, eziqulethe inani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njl.) Ukongeza kwi-cellulose. I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa i-delignification, kwaye kuphela xa i-lignin emthini isusiwe inokufumaneka imicu. Amacandelo angenayo i-cellulose angachithwa kwaye ahlulwe ngokudibanisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide dilute, ukwenzela ukuba i-pulp ene-cellulose njengenxalenye ephambili inokufumaneka.

5. Phucula umhlaba ngekalika.

Kwimihlaba, imozulu yeeminerali isenokuvelisa iiasidi ngenxa yokwakheka kweeasidi eziphilayo njengoko izinto eziphilayo zibola. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-inorganic ezifana ne-ammonium sulfate kunye ne-ammonium chloride kuya kwenza umhlaba ube ne-asidi. Ukugalela umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wekalika kungenza ukuba izinto ezineasidi zingasebenzi emhlabeni, nto leyo eyenza umhlaba ulungele ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye kukhuthaze ukuzala kwe microorganisms. Ukunyuka kweCa2+ emhlabeni kunokukhuthaza ukujiya kwecolloids zomhlaba, nto leyo enceda ukwakheka kweeaggregates, kwaye kwangaxeshanye inokubonelela ngekhalsiyam efunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo.

6. Ishishini lemichiza kunye neerejenti zeekhemikhali.

Kwishishini lemichiza, i-caustic soda isetyenziselwa ukwenza isinyithi sesodium kunye namanzi e-electrolyzing. Isoda ye-Caustic okanye i-soda ash isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweetyuwa ezininzi ze-inorganic, ngakumbi ekulungiseleleni ezinye iityuwa zesodium (ezifana ne-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njl.). I-Caustic soda okanye i-soda ash iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yedayi, iziyobisi kunye ne-organic intermediates.

7. irabha, isikhumba

1). I-silica enqabileyo

Okokuqala: yenza iglasi yamanzi (Na2O.mSO2) ngokusabela i-sodium hydroxide nge-quartz ore (SiO2)

Okwesibini: ukuphendula iglasi yamanzi kunye ne-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kunye ne-carbon dioxide ukuvelisa i-carbon dioxide emnyama (i-silicon dioxide)

I-silica ekhankanywe apha yeyona arhente yokuqinisa irabha yendalo kunye nerabha yokwenziwa

2). Ukurisayikilishwa kwerabha endala

Xa kuphinda kusetyenziswe irabha endala, umgubo werabha ulungiswa ngesisombululo sesodium hydroxide, emva koko ilungiswe.

3). Isikhumba

I-Tannery: inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kulwelo lwenkunkuma ye-tannery, kwelinye icala, phakathi kwamanyathelo amabini e-sodium sulfide emanzi kwisisombululo sokufunxa unyango kunye nokongeza unyango lwe-lime powder lokufunxa kwinkqubo ekhoyo yokwandisa, ukusetyenziswa kobunzima be-tare kwanda ngo-0.3-0.5 % Isinyathelo sonyango se-sodium hydroxide ye-30% yenza ukuba i-fiber yesikhumba ikhule ngokupheleleyo, ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye iphucula umgangatho wemveliso ye-semi-finished.

8. isinyithi, i-electroplating

Kwishishini le-metallurgical, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-ore kwi-soluble salts ye-sodium ukuze kususwe ukungcola okungaxutywanga. Ngoko ke, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukongeza i-soda ash (kwakhona i-flux), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-caustic soda isetyenziswa.

9.eminye imiba yendima

1). Kukho imisebenzi emibini ye-ceramic caustic soda ekwenzeni i-ceramics. Okokuqala, i-caustic soda isetyenziswa njenge-diluent kwinkqubo yokutshisa i-ceramics. Okwesibini, umphezulu weekeramics ezitshiswayo ziya kukhatywa okanye zibi kakhulu. Coca ngesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic Ekugqibeleni, yenza i-ceramic surface ibe lula ngakumbi.

2). Kwishishini lesixhobo, lisetyenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, i-decolorizer kunye ne-deodorizer. Ishishini lokuncamathelisa lisetyenziswa njenge-starch gelatinizer kunye ne-neutralizer. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuxobula, i-ejenti ye-decolorizing kunye ne-deodorizing agent ye-citrus, i-peach, njl.