E-Afrika, iimveliso zeplastiki zingene kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu. Izitya zeplastiki, ezifana nezitya, iipleyiti, iikomityi, amacephe kunye neefolokhwe, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokutyela zase-Afrika nasemakhaya ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi, elikhaphukhaphu nelingenakuqhekeka.Nokuba kusedolophini okanye emaphandleni, izitya zeplastiki zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Esixekweni, izitya zeplastiki zibonelela ngokulula kubomi obukhawulezayo; Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, iingenelo zazo zokuba nzima ukuziqhekeza kunye nexabiso eliphantsi ziyabonakala ngakumbi, kwaye ziye zaba lukhetho lokuqala kwiintsapho ezininzi.Ukongeza kwizixhobo zetafile, izitulo zeplastiki, iibhakethi zeplastiki, iimbiza zeplastiki njalo njalo zinokubonwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ezi mveliso zeplastiki zizise lula kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu baseAfrika, ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina izinto emakhaya ukuya emsebenzini wemihla ngemihla, ukusebenza kwazo kubonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo.
INigeria yenye yezona marike ziphambili zokuthumela iimveliso zeplastiki zaseTshayina kwamanye amazwe. Ngowama-2022, iTshayina yathumela i-yuan eyi-148.51 yeebhiliyoni zeempahla eNigeria, apho iimveliso zeplastiki zazibaluleke kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseNigeria unyuse irhafu yokungenisa iimveliso ezininzi ukuze akhusele amashishini asekuhlaleni, kuquka neemveliso zeplastiki. Olu hlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo ngokungathandabuzekiyo luzise imingeni emitsha kubathumeli bamazwe baseTshayina, lwandisa iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye lwenza ukhuphiswano kwimarike yaseNigeria lube nzima ngakumbi.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, inani elikhulu labemi baseNigeria kunye noqoqosho olukhulayo kuthetha ukuba kukho amandla amakhulu emarike, ukuba nje abathengisi bangaphandle banokusabela ngokufanelekileyo kutshintsho lwerhafu, baphucule ulwakhiwo lwemveliso kunye nolawulo lweendleko, kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwimarike yelizwe.
Ngowama-2018, iAlgeria ingenise i-$47.3 yeebhiliyoni zeempahla ezivela kwihlabathi liphela, apho i-$2 yeebhiliyoni zeempahla yayiyiplastiki, nto leyo ethetha i-4.4% yazo zonke izinto ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe, iChina ingomnye wabathengisi bayo abaphambili.
Nangona iirhafu zokungenisa iimveliso zeplastiki eAlgeria ziphezulu kakhulu, imfuno ezinzileyo yemarike isatsala amashishini angaphandle aseTshayina. Oku kufuna ukuba iinkampani zisebenze nzima ekulawuleni iindleko kunye nokwahlulahlula iimveliso, ngokuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphuhlisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezineempawu kunye noyilo olwahlukileyo ukuze zijongane noxinzelelo lweerhafu eziphezulu kwaye zigcine isabelo sazo kwimarike yaseAlgeria.
Ingxelo ethi "Macro Plastic Pollution Emission Inventory from Local to Global" epapashwe kwiphephancwadi elinegunya iNature ityhila inyani ecacileyo: Amazwe aseAfrika ajongene nemingeni enzima kwimveliso yongcoliseko lweplastiki. Nangona iAfrika ivelisa i-7% kuphela yemveliso yeplastiki yehlabathi, ihlukile ngokwemveliso yongcoliseko ngomntu ngamnye. Ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwabantu kulo mmandla, ungcoliseko lweplastiki ngomntu ngamnye kulindeleke ukuba lufikelele kwi-12.01 kg ngonyaka, kwaye iAfrika isenokuba yenye yezona zinto zingcolisa kakhulu iplastiki kwihlabathi kwiminyaka ezayo. Ejongene nale ngxaki, amazwe aseAfrika aphendule kwisicelo sehlabathi sokukhuselwa kwendalo kwaye akhuphe umyalelo wokuvalwa kweplastiki.
Kwangowama-2004, ilizwe elincinci elikuMbindi Afrika laseRwanda lakhokela, laba lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuvala ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, kwaye lanyusa isohlwayo ngo-2008, lichaza ukuba ukuthengiswa kweengxowa zeplastiki kuya kujongana nokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ukusukela ngoko, olu tshintsho lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lusasazeke ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseAfrika, kwaye i-Eritrea, iSenegal, iKenya, iTanzania kunye namanye amazwe alandele umzekelo kwaye ajoyina uluhlu lokuvalwa kweplastiki. Ngokwezibalo zeGreenpeace kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo, kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 eAfrika, ngaphezulu kwesithathu samazwe kunye nemimandla bazise umthetho wokuvalwa kokusetyenziswa kweplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye. Izitya zeplastiki zemveli zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukuzitshabalalisa, ngoko ke ziye zaba yindawo ephambili yesenzo sokuvalwa kweplastiki. Kule meko, izitya zeplastiki ezibolayo zavela kwaye ziye zaba yindlela engenakuphepheka yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Iiplastiki ezibolayo zinokubola zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi ngesenzo seentsholongwane kwindalo esingqongileyo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ungcoliseko lwezinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nomhlaba namanzi. Kumashishini athumela ngaphandle eTshayina, oku kungumceli mngeni kwaye lithuba elinqabileyo. Kwelinye icala, amashishini kufuneka atyale imali eninzi kunye namandla obuchwephesha, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso zeplastiki ezibolayo, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo enyusa iindleko kunye nomda wobugcisa weemveliso; Kodwa kwelinye icala, kumashishini okuqala ukuba nobuchule kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa iiplastiki ezibolayo kwaye aneemveliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, eli liza kuba lithuba elibalulekileyo kubo lokufumana ithuba elikhulu lokukhuphisana kwimarike yaseAfrika kunye nokuvula indawo entsha yemarike.
Ukongeza, iAfrika ikwabonisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zangaphakathi kwicandelo lokuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki. Kwakukho ulutsha lwaseTshayina kunye nabahlobo kunye ukuqokelela amakhulu amawaka eeyuan zemali yokuqala, baya eAfrika ukuyokuseka isityalo sokucubungula iplastiki, ixabiso lonyaka lemveliso yeshishini lifikelela kwi-30 yezigidi zeeyuan, liba lelona shishini likhulu kushishino olufanayo eAfrika. Kuyabonakala ukuba imakethi yeplastiki eAfrika isesexesha elizayo!
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-29-2024