Iindaba zeShishini
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Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-HDPE?
I-HDPE isetyenziswa kwiimveliso nakwiipakethe ezifana neejagi zobisi, iibhotile zesepha, iibhafu zemargarine, izikhongozeli zenkunkuma kunye neepayipi zamanzi. Kwiityhubhu ezinobude obahlukeneyo, i-HDPE isetyenziswa endaweni yeetyhubhu zekhadibhodi zemortar ezibonelelweyo ngezizathu ezibini eziphambili. Okokuqala, ikhuselekile kakhulu kuneetyhubhu zekhadibhodi ezibonelelweyo kuba ukuba iqokobhe lingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye liqhume ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ye-HDPE, ityhubhu ayizukuqhekeka. Isizathu sesibini kukuba zingasetyenziswa kwakhona zivumela abayili ukuba benze iirakhi ezininzi zemortar. Iingcali zePyrotechnical azikukhuthazi ukusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu zePVC kwiityhubhu zemortar kuba idla ngokuqhekeka, ithumele iziqwenga zeplastiki kubabukeli abanokubakho, kwaye ayizukubonakala kwi-X-ray. -
Ikhadi eliluhlaza le-PLA liba sisisombululo esidumileyo esizinzileyo kushishino lwezemali.
Kufuneka iplastiki eninzi kakhulu ukwenza amakhadi ebhanki minyaka le, kwaye ngenxa yokwanda kweengxaki zokusingqongileyo, uThales, okhokela kukhuseleko lobuchwephesha obuphezulu, uphuhlise isisombululo. Umzekelo, ikhadi elenziwe nge-85% polylactic acid (PLA), elivela kumbona; enye indlela entsha kukusebenzisa izicwili ezivela kwimisebenzi yokucoca unxweme ngokubambisana neqela lendalo iParley for the Oceans. Inkunkuma yeplastiki eqokelelweyo – “Ocean Plastic®” njengesixhobo esitsha sokwenza amakhadi; kukwakho nokukhetha amakhadi ePVC aphinda asetyenziswe enziwe ngokupheleleyo ngeplastiki elahliweyo evela kushishino lokupakisha nokushicilela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki entsha. -
Uhlalutyo olufutshane lwedatha yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle i-resin ye-pvc ye-paste yaseTshayina ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni 2022, ilizwe lam lingenise iitoni ezingama-37,600 ze-paste resin, ukwehla kwe-23% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye lithumele iitoni ezingama-46,800 ze-paste resin, ukonyuka kwe-53.16% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ngaphandle kwamashishini ngamanye avale ngenxa yokugcinwa, umthwalo wokusebenza wesityalo se-paste resin sasekhaya wahlala kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kwakwanele, kwaye imakethi yaqhubeka nokuhla. Abavelisi bafuna ngenkuthalo ii-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze banciphise iingxabano zemarike yasekhaya, kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle oqokelelweyo wanda kakhulu. -
Ungazi njani ukuba iplastiki yipolypropylene?
Enye yezona ndlela zilula zokwenza uvavanyo lwelangatye kukusika isampuli kwiplastiki uze uyitshise kwikhabhathi yomlilo. Umbala welangatye, ivumba kunye neempawu zokutsha zinokubonisa uhlobo lweplastiki: 1. I-Polyethylene (PE) – Iidrips, zinuka njenge-candlewax; 2. I-Polypropylene (PP) – Iidrips, zinuka kakhulu ioyile yenjini engcolileyo kunye ne-candlewax engaphantsi; 3. I-Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, “Perspex”) – Amaqamza, ii-crackles, ivumba elimnandi elimnandi; 4. I-Polyamide okanye “i-Nylon” (PA) – Ilangatye elithambileyo, ivumba le-marigolds; 5. I-Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) – Ilangatye elingacacanga, elithambileyo, ivumba le-marigolds; 6. I-Polyethylene foam (PE) – Iidrips, ivumba le-candlewax -
I-Mars M Beans iqalise ukupakisha iphepha le-PLA elidityanisiweyo elibolayo eTshayina.
Ngowama-2022, iMars yaqalisa itshokholethi yokuqala ye-M&M epakishwe kwiphepha elidityanisiweyo elibolayo eTshayina. Yenziwe ngezinto ezibolayo ezifana nephepha kunye ne-PLA, ithatha indawo yokupakisha kweplastiki ethambileyo yendabuko kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukupakisha kudlule kwi-GB/T. Indlela yokumisela ka-19277.1 iqinisekisile ukuba phantsi kweemeko zokwenza umgquba kwimizi-mveliso, inokonakala ngaphezulu kwe-90% kwiinyanga ezi-6, kwaye iya kuba ngamanzi angengobungozi kwibhayoloji, i-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iimveliso emva kokubola. -
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwePVC eTshayina kusaqhubeka nokuba phezulu kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka.
Ngokwezibalo zamva nje zerhafu yelizwe, ngoJuni ka-2022, umthamo wokungenisa we-PVC pure powder kwilizwe lam wawuziitoni ezingama-29,900, ukonyuka kwe-35.47% ukusuka kwinyanga ephelileyo kunye nokunyuka kwe-23.21% unyaka nonyaka; ngoJuni ka-2022, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle we-PVC pure powder kwilizwe lam wawuziitoni ezingama-223,500, ukwehla kwenyanga nenyanga kwakuyi-16%, kwaye ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka kwakuyi-72.50%. Umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle waqhubeka nokugcina inqanaba eliphezulu, nto leyo eyanciphisa ukunikezelwa okuninzi kwimarike yasekhaya ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. -
Yintoni iPolypropylene (PP)?
I-Polypropylene (PP) yi-thermoplastic eqinileyo, eqinileyo, nekristale. Yenziwe nge-propene (okanye i-propylene) monomer. Le resin ye-hydrocarbon ethe tye yeyona polymer ilula phakathi kwazo zonke iiplastiki ezithengiswayo. I-PP iza njenge-homopolymer okanye njenge-copolymer kwaye inokwandiswa kakhulu ngezongezo. Isetyenziswa kwiipakethe, kwiimoto, kwizinto zabathengi, kwezonyango, kwiifilimu ezixonxiweyo, njl. I-PP iye yaba yinto ekhethwayo, ingakumbi xa ufuna i-polymer enamandla aphezulu (umz., ngokuchasene ne-Polyamide) kwizicelo zobunjineli okanye ujonge nje ixabiso elingcono kwiibhotile zokubumba (xa kuthelekiswa ne-PET). -
Yintoni iPolyethylene (PE)?
I-Polyethylene (PE), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polythene okanye i-polyethene, yenye yeeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ii-Polyethylene zihlala zinesakhiwo esithe nkqo kwaye zaziwa ngokuba zii-polymers ezongezelelweyo. Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwezi polymers zokwenziwa kukwiphakheji. I-Polyethelyne idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza iingxowa zeplastiki, iibhotile, iifilimu zeplastiki, izikhongozeli, kunye nee-geomembranes. Kunokuqatshelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zeetoni ze-polyethene ziveliswa minyaka le ngeenjongo zorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso. -
Uhlalutyo lokusebenza kwemarike yokuthumela ngaphandle yePVC yelizwe lam kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2022.
Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2022, imakethi yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-PVC inyukile unyaka nonyaka. Kwikota yokuqala, echatshazelwe kukwehla koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nobhubhane, iinkampani ezininzi zasekhaya ezithumela ngaphandle zibonise ukuba imfuno yeediski zangaphandle inciphile. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngokuphuculwa kwemeko yobhubhane kunye nothotho lwamanyathelo aqaliswe ngurhulumente waseTshayina ukukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa koqoqosho, izinga lokusebenza kwamashishini emveliso ye-PVC yasekhaya liphezulu, imakethi yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-PVC ifudumele, kwaye imfuno yeediski zangaphandle inyukile. Inani libonisa umkhwa othile wokukhula, kwaye ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwemarike kuphucukile xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo. -
Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-PVC?
I-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC, okanye i-vinyl) engabizi kakhulu neguquguqukayo isetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, ukhathalelo lwempilo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iimoto kunye nezinye iindawo, kwiimveliso ezisusela kwiipayipi kunye nee-siding, iingxowa zegazi kunye neetyhubhu, ukuya kwi-wire kunye ne-cable insulation, izixhobo zenkqubo ye-windshield kunye nokunye. -
Iprojekthi yokwandisa i-ethylene kunye ne-refinery ye-Hainan Refinery ezizigidi zeetoni sele iza kunikezelwa.
Iprojekthi yeHainan Refining and Chemical Ethylene kunye neProjekthi yeRefining Reconstruction and Expansion zikwiYangpu Economic Development Zone, ngotyalo-mali olupheleleyo olungaphezulu kwe-28 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubela phambili yokwakha iyonke ifikelele kwi-98%. Emva kokuba le projekthi igqityiwe kwaye ifakwa kwimveliso, kulindeleke ukuba iqhubele phambili i-100 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi zamashishini asezantsi. I-Olefin Feedstock Diversification kunye neHigh-end Downstream Forum ziya kubanjelwa eSanya ngoJulayi 27-28. Phantsi kwale meko intsha, uphuhliso lweeprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana ne-PDH, kunye ne-ethane cracking, umkhwa wexesha elizayo wetekhnoloji entsha efana neoyile ekrwada ngqo kwi-olefins, kunye nokuveliswa okutsha kwamalahle/i-methanol kwi-olefins kuya kuxoxwa ngawo. -
I-MIT: Ii-microparticles ze-polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer zenza isitofu "esizikhulisayo".
Izazinzulu kwiMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) zibika kwijenali yakutshanje iScience Advances ukuba ziphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya esizikhulisayo ngedosi enye. Emva kokuba isitofu sifakwe emzimbeni womntu, sinokukhutshwa amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kwesidingo somjovo wokunyusa. Isitofu esitsha kulindeleke ukuba sisetyenziswe ukulwa nezifo eziqala kwi-masisi ukuya kwi-Covid-19. Kubikwa ukuba esi sitofu sitsha senziwe ngamasuntswana e-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). I-PLGA yi-polymer organic compound esebenza ngokubola, engenabungozi kwaye ihambelana kakuhle ne-biocompatibility. Ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-Implants, i-sutures, izixhobo zokulungisa, njl.njl.