Isoda ebuhlungu(NaOH) yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokutya kweekhemikhali, enemveliso iyonke yonyaka eyi-106t. I-NaOH isetyenziswa kwi-organic chemistry, kwimveliso ye-aluminium, kwishishini lephepha, kwishishini lokulungisa ukutya, kwimveliso yeesepha, njl. I-Caustic soda yimveliso edibeneyo kwimveliso ye-chlorine, i-97% yayo eyenzeka nge-electrolysis ye-sodium chloride.
I-Caustic soda inefuthe elinamandla kwizinto ezininzi zesinyithi, ingakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, sele kwaziwa ixesha elide ukuba i-nickel ibonakalisa ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwi-caustic soda kuzo zonke iindawo kunye noxinzelelo, njengoko uMfanekiso 1 ubonisa. Ukongeza, ngaphandle kwamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu kunye nobushushu, i-nickel ayichaphazeleki kukuqhekeka koxinzelelo olubangelwa yi-caustic. I-alloy ye-nickel standard grades 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) kunye ne-alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) ke ngoko zisetyenziswa kwezi zigaba zokuveliswa kwe-caustic soda, ezifuna ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala. Ii-cathodes kwiseli ye-electrolysis esetyenziswa kwinkqubo ye-membrane zenziwe ngamaphepha e-nickel. Iiyunithi ezisezantsi zokugxininisa utywala nazo zenziwe nge-nickel. Zisebenza ngokomgaqo wokuphuma kwamanzi kwizigaba ezininzi ikakhulu kunye nee-evaporators zefilimu eziwayo. Kwezi yunithi i-nickel isetyenziswa ngendlela yeetyhubhu okanye amaphepha eetyhubhu kwii-heat exchangers zangaphambi kokuphuma komphunga, njengeeshiti okanye iipleyiti ezigqunyiweyo zeeyunithi zangaphambi kokuphuma komphunga, nakwiipayipi zokuthutha isisombululo se-caustic soda. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba, iikristale ze-caustic soda (isisombululo esingaphezulu kwesamente) zinokubangela ukukhukuliseka kwiityhubhu ze-heat exchanger, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ukuzitshintsha emva kwexesha lokusebenza leminyaka emi-2-5. Inkqubo ye-falling-film evaporator isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-caustic soda exineneyo kakhulu, engenamanzi. Kwinkqubo ye-falling-film eyenziwe yiBertrams, ityuwa enyibilikisiweyo kubushushu obumalunga nama-400 °C isetyenziswa njengendawo yokufudumeza. Apha iityhubhu ezenziwe nge-low carbon nickel alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) mazisetyenziswe kuba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kune-315 °C (600 °F) umxholo ophezulu we-carbon alloy ye-standard nickel grade 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) unokukhokelela ekuweni kwe-graphite kwimida yeenkozo.
I-Nickel yeyona nto ikhethwayo yokwakha ii-caustic soda evaporators apho iintsimbi ze-austenitic zingasetyenziswa khona. Xa kukho ukungcola okufana nee-chlorates okanye ii-sulfur compounds - okanye xa kufuneka amandla aphezulu - kusetyenziswa izinto eziqulethe i-chromium ezifana ne-alloy 600 L (EN 2.4817/UNS N06600) kwezinye iimeko. Kwakhona okunomdla kakhulu kwiindawo ezibangela i-caustic yi-alloy 33 ene-chromium eninzi (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033). Ukuba ezi zinto ziza kusetyenziswa, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimeko zokusebenza azinakubangela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo kunye nokubola.
I-Alloy 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kwi-25 kunye ne-50% ye-NaOH ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokubila nakwi-70% ye-NaOH kwi-170 °C. Le alloy ikwabonise ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwiimvavanyo zasentsimini kwisityalo esivezwe kwi-caustic soda evela kwinkqubo ye-diaphragm.39 Umfanekiso 21 ubonisa ezinye iziphumo malunga noxinzelelo lwale diaphragm caustic liquor, eyayingcoliswe yi-chloride kunye ne-chlorate. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45% ye-NaOH, i-alloy yezinto 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) kunye ne-nickel alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N2201) zibonisa ukumelana okufana noko. Ngobushushu obukhulayo kunye noxinzelelo i-alloy 33 iba namandla ngakumbi kune-nickel. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-chromium i-alloy 33 ibonakala iluncedo ukuphatha izisombululo ze-caustic ngee-chloride kunye ne-hypochlorite ezivela kwinkqubo ye-diaphragm okanye yeseli ye-mercury.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-21-2022