Iplastiki ibhekisa kubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli ye-synthetic resin njengeyona nto iphambili, yongeza izongezo ezifanelekileyo, izinto zeplastiki ezicutshungulweyo. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, isithunzi seplastiki sinokubonakala kuyo yonke indawo, sincinci njengeekomityi zeplastiki, iibhokisi zeplastiki ezikhenkcezayo, izitya zokuhlambela zeplastiki, izitulo zeplastiki kunye nezitulo, kwaye zinkulu njengeemoto, oomabonwakude, iifriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba kunye neenqwelo-moya kunye neziphekepheke, iplastiki ayinakwahlulwa.
Ngokutsho kwe-European Plastics Production Association, imveliso yeplastiki yehlabathi jikelele ngo-2020, i-2021 kunye ne-2022 iya kufikelela kwi-367 yezigidi zeetoni, i-391 yezigidi zeetoni kunye ne-400 yezigidi zeetoni, ngokulandelanayo. Izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo ukusuka ku-2010 ukuya ku-2022 yi-4.01%, kwaye indlela yokukhula ithe tyaba.
Ishishini leplastiki laseTshayina laqala emva kwexesha, emva kokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi yabantu baseTshayina yaqala ukukhula, kodwa ngelo xesha, iindidi zeemveliso zeplastiki zazilinganiselwe, indawo yefektri yahlanganiswa kwaye isikali sasincinci. Ukususela ngo-2011, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luye lwatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwinqanaba lophuhliso oluphezulu ukuya kwinqanaba lophuhliso oluphezulu, kwaye ukususela ngoko ishishini leplastiki liye laqala ukuphucula isakhiwo sayo semizi-mveliso kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe litshintshela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngo-2015, imveliso epheleleyo yemveliso yeplastiki yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-75.61 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngo-2020, imveliso yeplastiki yase China yehlile, kodwa inzuzo iyonke kunye nentsalela yorhwebo yoshishino isabonisa ukukhula okulungileyo.
Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-European Plastics Production Association, ngo-2022, imveliso yeplastiki yaseTshayina yenza malunga ne-32% yemveliso yeplastiki yehlabathi, kwaye ikhule yaba ngumvelisi wokuqala weplastiki.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini leplastiki lehlabathi liye lakhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Nangona ukwanda kokuqonda kwabantu ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemithetho ethintelayo ekhutshwe ngamasebe ahlukeneyo karhulumente ibe nefuthe elithile kushishino lweplastiki yemveli ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kukwanyanzelise amashishini kushishino ukuba akhawulezise uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yeeplastiki ezinobungani kokusingqongileyo, nto leyo enceda ekuphuculeni ubume bemizi-mveliso ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kwixesha elizayo, ukulunga kokusingqongileyo kweenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye neemveliso, uphuculo olongezelelweyo lwentsebenzo yemveliso kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwezicelo zemveliso kulindeleke ukuba kube yindlela eqhelekileyo yophuhliso loshishino lweplastiki. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini leplastiki lehlabathi liye lakhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Nangona ukwanda kokuqonda kwabantu ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemithetho ethintelayo ekhutshwe ngamasebe ahlukeneyo karhulumente ibe nefuthe elithile kushishino lweplastiki yemveli ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kukwanyanzelise amashishini kushishino ukuba akhawulezise uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yeeplastiki ezinobungani kokusingqongileyo, nto leyo enceda ekuphuculeni ubume bemizi-mveliso ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kwixesha elizayo, ukulunga kokusingqongileyo kweenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye neemveliso, uphuculo olongezelelweyo lwentsebenzo yemveliso kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwezicelo zemveliso kulindeleke ukuba kube yindlela eqhelekileyo yophuhliso loshishino lweplastiki.
Ishishini lemihla ngemihla leemveliso zeplastiki licandelo elibalulekileyo lemveliso yeplastiki, enxulumene ngokusondeleyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla baBantu kwaye ikwishishini lemveliso yezinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla. Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki kuhambelana nophuhliso loqoqosho lwalo mmandla, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States neYurophu kuphezulu. Ngenxa yempembelelo yeendlela zokuphila kunye neengqikelelo zokusebenzisa, ukutya kunye nesiselo e-United States kukutya okukhawulezayo ikakhulu, kwaye i-tableware iphinda ilahlwe, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa konyaka kweemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla kukhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho lwamazwe asahlumayo afana neTshayina kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, isantya sobomi babantu siye sakhula, kunye nokutshintsha kolwazi lokusetyenziswa, indawo yokukhula kweemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla iya kwandiswa ngakumbi.
Ukususela ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2022, ukuveliswa kweemveliso zeplastiki yemihla ngemihla e-China kwahlala kuzinzile, kunye nemveliso ephezulu ngo-2010 kunye no-2022, kunye nemveliso ephantsi ngo-2023. Ukuqaliswa kwezithintelo zeplastiki kwilizwe lonke kuye kwachaphazela ukuveliswa kweemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, okubangela ukuba abavelisi bajike kwiimveliso zeplastiki ezinokubola. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokumisela umda weplastiki uphucule ubume bangaphakathi kushishino, wasusa amandla okuvelisa umva, kwaye waphucula ngakumbi ugxininiso loshishino, olunceda uphando kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso zeplastiki ezinokonakala ngezinto eziphilayo ngabavelisi abakhulu, kwaye zilungele ukongamela ilizwe elimanyeneyo.
Ngokuphuculwa ngokubanzi kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, iimfuno eziphezulu ziya kubekwa phambili kwiimveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla, kubandakanywa nokusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isantya sobomi babahlali baseTshayina siye sakhula kwaye inqanaba lokuphucula, ukutya okukhawulezayo, iti kunye namanye amashishini liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno yeetafile zeplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla nazo zinyuka. Ukongeza, iindawo zokutyela ezinkulu, iivenkile zeti, njl.njl. zineemfuno eziphezulu zetafile, kwaye ngabavelisi abakhulu kuphela banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zomgangatho. Kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, izibonelelo kwishishini ziya kudityaniswa ngakumbi, kwaye ugxininiso lweshishini luya kuphuculwa ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, ngomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe othi "Ibhanti elinye, iNdlela enye" yokuvula iimarike ezikhulayo ezifana ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, ukuveliswa kweemveliso zeplastiki yemihla ngemihla yaseTshayina kuya kuzisa indawo entsha yokukhula, kunye nesikali sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kwanda.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-06-2024