Iplastiki ibhekisa kwi-resin yokwenziwa enobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli njengeyona nto iphambili, yongeza izongezo ezifanelekileyo, izinto zeplastiki ezicutshungulwayo. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, isithunzi seplastiki sinokubonwa kuyo yonke indawo, sincinci njengeekomityi zeplastiki, iibhokisi zeplastiki eziqhoboshekayo, izitya zokuhlambela zeplastiki, izitulo zeplastiki kunye nezitulo, kwaye sisikhulu njengeemoto, oomabonakude, iifriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba iimpahla kwaneenqwelo-moya kunye neenqanawa zasemoyeni, iplastiki ayinakwahlulwa.
Ngokutsho kwe-European Plastics Production Association, imveliso yeplastiki yehlabathi ngo-2020, 2021 nango-2022 iya kufikelela kwi-367 yezigidi zeetoni, i-391 yezigidi zeetoni kunye ne-400 yezigidi zeetoni, ngokwahlukeneyo. Izinga lokukhula okuhlanganisiweyo ukusuka ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2022 yi-4.01%, kwaye indlela yokukhula ayiguquguquki.
Ishishini leplastiki laseTshayina laqala kade, emva kokuba iRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina iqalile ukuphuhlisa, kodwa ngelo xesha, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zokucubungula iplastiki zazilinganiselwe, indawo yefektri yayiqokelelene kwaye isikali sasincinci. Ukusukela ngo-2011, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luye lwatshintsha kancinci ukusuka kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo ukuya kwinqanaba lophuhliso olusemgangathweni, kwaye ukusukela ngoko ishishini leplastiki nalo liqalise ukuphucula isakhiwo salo semizi-mveliso kwaye kancinci kancinci latshintshela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngo-2015, imveliso iyonke yeshishini lokucubungula iplastiki laseTshayina ifikelele kwi-75.61 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngo-2020, imveliso yeplastiki yaseTshayina yehlile, kodwa inzuzo iyonke kunye norhwebo oluninzi lweshishini lusabonisa ukukhula okuhle.
Ngokwedatha ye-European Plastics Production Association, ngo-2022, imveliso yeplastiki yaseTshayina yayimalunga ne-32% yemveliso yeplastiki yehlabathi, kwaye ikhule yaba ngumvelisi wokuqala weplastiki kwihlabathi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini leplastiki lehlabathi liye lakhula ngokuthe chu. Nangona ulwazi lwabantu olukhulayo ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemithetho ethintelayo ekhutshwe ngamasebe ahlukeneyo karhulumente luye lwaba nempembelelo ethile kushishino lweplastiki yendabuko ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, luye lwanyanzela amashishini kushishino ukuba akhawulezise uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kweplastiki enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwimizi-mveliso, nto leyo enceda ekwenzeni ngcono ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso kwixesha elide. Kwixesha elizayo, ulwalamano nokusingqongileyo lweenkqubo zokuvelisa kunye neemveliso, ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokwahlukahluka kwezicelo zemveliso kulindeleke ukuba kube yindlela eqhelekileyo yophuhliso lweshishini leplastiki. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini leplastiki lehlabathi liye lakhula ngokuthe chu. Nangona ulwazi lwabantu olukhulayo ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemithetho ethintelayo ekhutshwe ngamasebe ahlukeneyo karhulumente luye lwaba nempembelelo ethile kushishino lweplastiki yendabuko ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, luye lwanyanzela amashishini kushishino ukuba akhawulezise uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kweplastiki enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwimizi-mveliso, nto leyo enceda ekwenzeni ngcono ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso kwixesha elide. Kwixesha elizayo, ukulungelelana kokusingqongileyo kweenkqubo zokuvelisa kunye neemveliso, ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokwahlukahluka kwezicelo zemveliso kulindeleke ukuba kube ngumkhwa oqhelekileyo wophuhliso lweshishini leplastiki.
Ishishini leemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla lisebe elibalulekileyo leshishini leplastiki, elinxulumene kakhulu nobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu kwaye likwishishini lemveliso yezinto ezifunekayo imihla ngemihla. Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki kunxulumene nophuhliso loqoqosho lwalo mmandla, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States neYurophu kuphezulu. Ngenxa yempembelelo yemikhwa yokuphila kunye neengcamango zokutya, ukutya neziselo e-United States ikakhulu kukutya okukhawulezayo, kwaye izitya zetafile nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla kukhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho lwamazwe asakhasayo afana ne-China kunye ne-Southeast Asia, isantya sobomi babantu siye sakhawuleza, kwaye utshintsho lolwazi lokusetyenziswa, indawo yokukhula kweemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla iya kwandiswa ngakumbi.
Ukususela ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2022, imveliso yeemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla eTshayina yahlala izinzile, kunye nemveliso ephezulu ngo-2010 nango-2022, kunye nemveliso ephantsi ngo-2023. Ukungeniswa kwemiqathango yeplastiki kulo lonke ilizwe kuye kwachaphazela imveliso yeemveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwabangela ukuba abavelisi basebenzise iimveliso zeplastiki ezinokubola. Umgaqo-nkqubo womda weplastiki uye waphucula ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lweshishini, wasusa amandla okuvelisa angasemva, kwaye waphucula ngakumbi ukuxinana kweshishini, okulungele uphando kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso zeplastiki ezinokubola ngabavelisi abakhulu, kwaye kulula ukuba kujongwe ilizwe lonke.
Ngokuphucuka ngokubanzi kwemigangatho yokuphila yabantu, kuza kubekwa phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kwiimveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya ukusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isantya sobomi babemi baseTshayina siye sanda kwaye inqanaba lophuculo, ukutya okukhawulezayo, iti kunye neminye imizi-mveliso liye landa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno yeetafile zeplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso zeplastiki zemihla ngemihla nayo iyakhula. Ukongeza, iindawo zokutyela ezinkulu, iivenkile zeti, njl. zinemfuno eziphezulu zeetafile, kwaye ngabavelisi abakhulu kuphela abanokufikelela kwiimfuno zabo zomgangatho. Kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, izixhobo kushishino ziya kuhlanganiswa ngakumbi, kwaye ugxininiso kushishino luya kuphucuka ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, ngomgaqo-nkqubo kazwelonke we-"One Belt, One Road" wokuvula iimarike ezisakhulayo ezifana ne-Southeast Asia, imveliso yemveliso yeplastiki yemihla ngemihla yaseTshayina iya kungenisa indawo entsha yokukhula, kwaye ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe buya kwanda.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-06-2024