Okwangoku, umthamo wokusetyenziswa kwe-polyethylene kwilizwe lam mkhulu, kwaye udidi lweentlobo ezisezantsi komlambo luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye luthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kubavelisi bemveliso yeplastiki. Iyinxalenye yemveliso yokugqibela engaphelelanga kuluhlu lweshishini olusezantsi lwe-ethylene. Xa idibene nempembelelo yoxinzelelo lwengingqi lokusetyenziswa kwekhaya, umsantsa wokubonelela kunye nemfuno yengingqi awulingani.
Ngenxa yokwanda okunzulu kwamandla emveliso yamashishini emveliso ye-polyethylene yelizwe lam kwiminyaka yakutshanje, icala lokubonelela liye landa kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuphucuka okuqhubekayo kwemveliso yabemi kunye nemigangatho yokuphila, imfuno yabo iye yanda kancinci kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2021, imeko yamazwe ngamazwe ibisoloko iyingozi kwaye itshintsha. Ukusasazeka kobhubhane kunye neemfazwe zasekuhlaleni kukhokelele ekungalinganini kokuwa kwamandla ehlabathi kunye nemali. Ukungaqiniseki okwandayo kuqoqosho olukhulu kuye kwakhokelela kwiimvakalelo zokusetyenziswa kwabemi kwinqanaba lobulumko. Phantsi kwemeko yangoku, iingozi kunye nemingeni ejongene nophuhliso lweemveliso ze-polyethylene nazo zinzima ngakumbi.
Uphuhliso lwabemi kunye noqoqosho lugqiba ukusasazeka kokusetyenziswa kwe-PE. Ngokwembono yemimandla yokusetyenziswa esezantsi, iMpuma China, iMzantsi China, kunye neNyakatho China zezona ndawo ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-polyethylene esezantsi kwilizwe lam, kwaye ziya kuhlala ziindawo ezintathu eziphezulu ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni ixesha elide elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo ezintsha zemveliso kwixesha elizayo, kulindeleke ukuba umsantsa wokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili zokusetyenziswa uya kuncitshiswa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Kulindeleke ukuba oku kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu iphethini yokubonelela kunye nemfuno yexesha elizayo kunye nokuhamba kwempahla kwiindawo eziphambili. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba nangona umlinganiselo wemfuno esezantsi kummandla wasentshona umncinci kuneyo yaseMpuma China, iMzantsi China, kunye neNyakatho China, eqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya efana ne "One Belt, One Road" kunye "noPhuhliso lwaseNtshona", ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyethylene esezantsi kummandla wasentshona kuya kwanda kwixesha elizayo. Kukho ulindelo olukhulayo, ngakumbi kwiimveliso zemfuno yeziseko ezingundoqo ezikhokelwa yimibhobho, kwaye imfuno yokubumba ngenaliti kunye neemveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo ezibangelwa kukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho wobomi icacile ngakumbi.
Emva koko, ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo zokusetyenziswa okusezantsi kwixesha elizayo, luhlobo luni lolindelo lophuhliso oluya kuba nalo iintlobo eziphambili ze-polyethylene ezifunekayo ngezantsi?
Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-polyethylene kwilizwe lam kuquka ifilimu, ukubumba ngenaliti, umbhobho, umngxuma, umzobo wentambo, intambo, i-metallocene, uphahla kunye nezinye iintlobo eziphambili.
Eyokuqala ukuthwala ubunzima, inxalenye enkulu yokusetyenziswa okusezantsi yifilimu. Kwishishini leemveliso zefilimu, eyona iphambili yifilimu yezolimo, ifilimu yemizi-mveliso kunye nefilimu yokupakisha imveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto ezifana nemiqathango kwiingxowa zeplastiki kunye nokuncipha okuphindaphindiweyo kwemfuno ngenxa yobhubhane ziye zabakhathaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye bajongene nemeko ehlazisayo. Imfuno yeemveliso zeplastiki zemveli ezilahlwayo iya kutshintshwa kancinci kancinci ngokuthandwa kweeplastiki ezibolayo. Abavelisi abaninzi befilimu nabo bajongene nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yemizi-mveliso, kwaye baphuhlisa kancinci kancinci ukuya kwiifilimu zemizi-mveliso eziphinda zisetyenziswe ezinomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza okuqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokonakala kweefilimu zeplastiki ezibolayo, kukho iimfuno ezinamandla zokupakisha ngaphandle, okanye imfuno yeefilimu zokupakisha zangaphandle ekufuneka zigcinwe ixesha elide ngaphaya kwexesha lokonakala, kwaye iifilimu zemizi-mveliso kunye nezinye iindawo azinakutshintshwa, ngoko ke iimveliso zefilimu ziya kusasetyenziswa. Ibikho njengemveliso ephambili esezantsi kwe-polyethylene ixesha elide, kodwa kunokubakho ukucotha kokukhula kokusetyenziswa kunye nokwehla kwenani.
Ukongeza, amashishini afana nokubumba inaliti, imibhobho, kunye neengxobo ezinxulumene kakhulu nemveliso kunye nobomi ziya kuba ziimveliso eziphambili zabathengi ezisezantsi kwe-polyethylene kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kwaye ziya kuhlala zilawulwa ziziseko zophuhliso, izinto ezifunekayo zemihla ngemihla, kunye nezixhobo zoluntu kunye nezixhobo. Ukuphila kwabantu kunxulunyaniswa neempahla ezihlala ixesha elide, kwaye imfuno yokonakala kwemveliso iyancipha. Okwangoku, ingxaki ephambili ejongene nala mashishini angentla kukuba izinga lokukhula kwecandelo lezindlu liye lahlala limile kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nempendulo engalunganga malunga nendlela abemi abavakalelwa ngayo ngokutya okubangelwa ziintsholongwane eziphindaphindayo, uphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso lujongene nokumelana nokukhula okuthile. Ke ngoko, utshintsho kumlinganiselo wexesha elifutshane luncinci, kwaye aluchaphazeleki kangako ziimveliso zokonakala. Ishishini lemibhobho linokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi yimigaqo-nkqubo, ngelixa ukubumba inaliti kunye neemveliso ezingenanto zichaphazeleka ngakumbi yindlela abemi abavakalelwa ngayo ngokutya, kwaye izinga lokukhula liya kuncipha kwixesha elizayo.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ngokweemfuno zabantu kunye nobuntu kwiimveliso zeplastiki, kunye nokuveliswa komgangatho wemveliso kunye neemfuno zemveliso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nazo zihlala zikhula. Ke ngoko, kwixesha elizayo, ishishini leemveliso zeplastiki liya kwandisa imfuno yezinto ezithile eziphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zeplastiki, ezifana neemetallocenes, iiplastiki eziqengqelekayo, izinto zokugquma kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu okanye iimveliso ezineemfuno ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yemveliso eqokelelweyo yamashishini emveliso ye-polyethylene ephezulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, okubangele ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwemveliso, kunye nengxabano phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine phakathi konyaka ibangele amaxabiso aphezulu eoyile ukuba anyuse inzuzo ye-ethylene ephantsi, kwaye ukunyuka kweendleko kunye nokunikezelwa kubangele ukuhambelana okukhulu kwemveliso. Phantsi kwemeko yangoku, abavelisi be-polyethylene basebenza ngakumbi ekuveliseni iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neemetallocenes, ukubumba okujikelezayo, kunye nokugquma, ngokuhambelana nophuhliso lwamashishini asezantsi. Ke ngoko, izinga lokukhula kweemveliso linokunyuka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile kwixesha elizayo.
Ukongeza, njengoko ubhubhane uqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunye nophando nophuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha ngabavelisi, iifayibha ze-polyethylene, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zemveliso yezonyango kunye neyokukhusela nazo ziyalandelwa kwaye ziphuhliswa kancinci kancinci, kwaye imfuno yexesha elizayo nayo iya kwanda ngokuthe chu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-06-2022